ࡱ> |i}~bjbj55i__(\d d :::NNN8DA:>2A:0O 3>@>4A:0O >;8;L=8:>2 ?> E89 MB0?2007-2008 CG51=K9 3>48 :;0AA 3>;>2>;>ABKE 25I5AB2. '8B0BL =0720=8O 6=> B>;L:> ?> 25@B8:0;8 8 3>@87>=B0;8 8;8 A25@EC 2=87 8 A=87C 225@E, 8;8 A;520 =0?@02> 8 A?@020 =0;52>. 0948B5 MB8 =0720=8O. 0?8H8B5 C@02=5=8O @50:F89, :>B>@K5 3CB ?@>8AE>48BL <564C MB8<8 25I5AB20<8.5DBL  3CAB0O ABL, F5==>5 ?>;57=>5 8A:>?055.  5Q A>AB025 >1=0@C65=> >:>;> 900 25I5AB2. 5@28G=0O ?5@5@01>B:0 =5DB8 70:;NG05BAO 2 @0745;5=88 5Q =0 >B45;L=K5 D@0:F88-3@C??K 25I5AB2 A 1;87:8<8 B5<?5@0BC@0;55 8A?>;L7C5<0O D@0:F8O  15=78= (B5B 40 ! 4> 200 !). '51E>48 4>?>;=8BL CAB0=>2:C, ?@54AB02;5==CN =0 @8AC=:5, 4;O 2K45;5=8O 15=78=>2>9 D@0:F88 87 =5DB8?0: =07K205BAO A?>A>1 @0745;5=8O 25I5AB2, ?@8<5=O528B5 E8AC4C 8 =5>1E>485 ;01>@0B>@=>5 >1>@C4>20=85, 8A?>;L7C55 2 40==>9 CAB0=>2:5.", 30 >:BO1@O 2006 3>40. />@@.  ">2>AB8" =4@59 ;LOH5=:>/. 2B>F8AB5@=0, ?5@52>782H0O ?5@5:8AL 2>4>@>40, 27>@20;0AL <8=C2H8=A:>9 AB>;8FK. 7@K2=>9 2>;=>9 8 >A:>;:0:070;8AL 2K18BK AB5:;0 2 740=8OE, >:0702H8EAO 2 @048CA5 100 B 27@K20, 21 G5;>25: ?>;CG8;8 @0=5=8O @07=>9 AB5?5=8 BO65AB8 8 >6>38. :>;> 1 BKA. :3 ?5@5:8A8 @07;8;>AL =0  :0:>9 ?@8G8=5 3 ?@>87>9B8 27@K2 F8AB5@=K?2) 0:85 25I5AB20 8 2 :0:>;8G5AB25 3;8 >1@07>20BLAO =0 B25B >:@C3;8B5 4> F5;KE G8A5;)?3) !B>8B ;8 15A?>:>8BLAO > =0=5A5=88 ?@8@>45 ACI5AB25==>3> 2@540 =0 <5AB5 020@88?4. ! 402=8E 2@5<Q= ?@8A=>25 A>548=5=89 A28=F0  15;8;0 8 AC@8:. 5B>4 ?@83>B>2;5=8O AC@8:0 87 15;8; 1K; =0945= A;CG09=>. 0 :>@01;5, ?5@52>782H53> EC4>6=8:0 8:8O, 2A?KE=C; ?>60@. >60@ ?>30A8;8.  ?>4 >1;><:06=8: >1=0@C68; 2 15;8; :@0A=>5 25I5AB2>, :>B>@>5 8 AB0; 8A?>;L7>20BL :0: :@0A=CN :@0A:C. !>AB02 15;8; 6=> 2K@078BL D>@9 Pb(OH)22PbCO3(8;8 Pb3C2H2O8). !C@8: (Pb3O4)  MB> A>548=5=85, A>AB>OI55 87 42CE >:A84>2 A28=F0, 2 :>B>@KE A28=5F ?@>O2;O5B 20;5=B=>AB8 II 8 IV. @>F5AA ?@52@0I5=8O 15;8; 2 AC@8: A>AB>8B 87 42CE MB0?>2. !=0G0;0 15;8;0 @07;030NBAO =0 B@8 >:A840, 420 87 :>B>@KE: >:A84 A28=F0 (II) 8 >:A84 C3;5@>40 (IV). 0;55 >:A84 A28=F0(II) G0AB8G=> >:8A;O5BAO, ?@52@0I0OAL 2 AC@8:. !>AB02LB5 C@02=5=8O @50:F89, >?8AK20NI8E ?@>F5AA ?@52@0I5=8O 15;8; 2 AC@8:.  :0:>< ;L=>>B=>H5=88 A>45@60BAO >:A84K A28=F0 2 A>AB025 AC@8:0?5.  :=835 @5:>@4>2 8==5A0 ?@54AB02;5=K 25I5AB20 A A8;L=K<8 =5?@8OB=K<8 70?0E0@4A 7;>2>=8N AB0; MB8; 70?0E =0?>2 3=8;>9 :0?CABK, G5A=>:0, ;C:0 8 =5G8AB>B. ?@545;8B5 D>@<C;C MB8;A=>20=88 ?@54AB02;5==KE =0 4803@0< 2KE 4>;OE M;52.6. 0: ?>;CG8BL ?>GB8 G8ABK9 07>B 2 ?>;-;8B@>2>9 10=:5, 8A?>;L7CO ?><8 10=:8 B>;L:> 4>9, ;Q3:CN =53>@NGCN ?;0AB8=:C, :@0A=K9 D>AD>@. !:>;L:> ;5:C; 07>B0 (?@8 =.C.) 1C45B =0E>48BLAO 2 10=:5? LXIV >A:>2A:0O 3>@>4A:0O >;8;L=8:>2 ?> E89 MB0?2007-2008 CG51=K9 3>49 :;0AA1. 07>28B5 E8<8G5A:85 M;5B>@KE >B@078;AO F25B ?@>AB>3> 25I5AB20 8;8 A>548=5=8O?2. 0?8H8B5 C@02=5=8O @50:F89, A ?>ILN :>B>@KE 6=> >ACI5AB28BL A;54CNI85 ?@52@0I5=8O: EMBED ChemDraw.Document.6.0 07>28B5 25I5AB20, >1>7=0G5==K5 1C:20307->; 0A?89A:>3> @O =0E>4OBAO 1>30B59H85 70?0AK <8=5@0;0 384@0B0 AC;LD0B0 =0B@8O. 064K9 3>4 2 :>=F5 =>O1@O, :>340 B54K ?0405B 4> 6 !, 2>40 >:07K205BAO =0AKI5==>9 AC;LD0B>< =0B@8O, 8 2, >A540NI8E =0 4=> 70;820 8 =0 53> 15@530E. -B8 :@8AB0;;K A>45@60B 2 A2>5AB025 A>;L 8 2>4C.;O >?@545;5=8O D>@<C;K @8;8 3,22 3 45.  ?>;CG5==>@C ?@8;8;8 871KB>: @0AB2>@0 E;>@840 10@8O. K?02H89 >A04>: 1K; >BD8;LB@>20=, ?@> :070;0AL @02=>9 2,33 3. 0 >A=>25 E83> 0=0;870 >?@545;8B5 D>@<C;C <8=5@0;0 @8O >B:@KB8O MB>3> M;520.  1801 3 <5:A8:0=A:89 E8<8:-3 =4@50A-0=CM;L 45;L 8> ?>;CG8; >:A84K 8 A>;8 =58725AB=>3> E83> M;53> 8=85 CG5=K9 CA>AB8 A2>8E 0=0;87>2, 8 A45;0; 2K2>4, GB> M@8B@>=89 =5 =>2K9 E8<8G5A:89 M;5:A84 E@>D5AA>@ !B>:3>;L3> >@=>3> 8=AB8BCB0 8;LA 01@85;L !5DAB@5B:@K; 2 H;0:5, ?>;CG5==>2K9 B;8G0;AO 2KA>:>9 E89 AB>9:>ABLN 8 @0AB2>@O;AO ;8HL 2 F0@A:>9 2>4:5 8 :>=F5=B@8@>20==>9 ?;028:>2>9 :8A;>B5, 0 ?@8 =03@520=88 2 07>B=>9 8 :>=F5=B@8@>20==>9 A5@=>9 :8A;>B5. @8 =03@520=88 =0 2>74CE5 :8A;O;AO 4> >:A840. @8 MB>< 1,00 3 @>H:0 :@0A=>-:>@8G=52>3> F25B0.  1831 3 =5<5F:89 E8:070;, GB> >B:@KBK9 =89  >4=> 8 B> 65 25I5AB2>.0:>9 M;5B:@KB E8<8:04B25@48B5 @0AG5B0:8A;5=8O @>4>74CE0.5. =>385 E8F5AAK ?@>B5:0NB A 2K45;5=85BK. -BC >A>15==>ABL E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89 6=> 8A?>;L7>20BL 2 1KBC. #G5=K5 A:>=AB@C8@>20;8 B0: =07K205<K5 E8B>@KE 2K45;ONI55AO B5?;> 8A?>;L7CNB 4;O A>3@520NI53> :>AB59H0O 3@5;:0 A>AB>8B 87 ?;0AB8:>2>3> ?0:5B0 A ?5@5AKI5==K@>AC;LD0B0 =0B@8O (Na2S2O3). 5@5AKI5==K5 @0AB2>@K >G5=L =5CAB>9G82K. @8 ?>?040=88 :@8AB0;;>2 25I5AB20 8;8 ?5@5=8 =0G8=0NB :@8AB0;;87>20BLAO. @8 MB>3> @0AB2>@0 2K45;O5BAO :@8AB0;;>384@0B B8>AC;LD0B0 =0B@8O (Na2S2O3"52) 8 2K45;O5BAO B5?;>B0.@54;>68B5 A2>8 420 20@80=B0 E89 3@5;:8. 0?8H8B5 C@02=5=8O @50:F88, ;560I59 2 >A=>25 55 @01>BK.6. @54;0305B>28BL H8?CG:C  ?>@>H>:, :>B>@K9 ?@8 4>102;5=88 2>4K =0G8=05B 70:8?0BL, >1@07CO 3078@>20==K9 =0?8B>:, 8 E>@>H> C40;O5B 6064C. 3> ?@83>B>2;5=85 >A=>20=> =0 @50:F88 ;8==>9 :8A;>BK A ?8BL52>9 A>4>9 (NaHCO3). 'B>1K A45;0BL H8?CG:C, 2 ?8I52>9 ?>AC45 A9 ;>6:8 ?8BL52>9 A>4K, ?>;>28=C G09=>9 ;>6:8 ;8==>9 :8A;>BK 8 G09=CN ;>6:C A0E0@0. A;8 ?@83>B>2;5==CN A4>9 8 ?5@5 2K45;8BAO 307, 0 A1@5B5B :8A;>20BK9 2:CA.?@>4C:BAB0:0=;>6:0250 A<3200 A;>20O, 3G09=0O, 3>40250200185!0E0@-?5A>:2201802510!>40 ?8BL520O--25108==0O :8A;>B0--155A;8 A>4K 27OBL A;8H:>< 3>, B> 2:CA 1C45B A;53:0 3>@L:>20BK9, 5A;8 A;8H:><   >G5=L :8A;K9. K 65B5 A04>1@0BL B0:>5 A>>B=>H5=85 A>4K 8 ;8==>9 :8A;>BK, GB>1K 2:CA =0?8B:0 1K; =081>;55 ?@8OB=KAB02LB5 C@02=5=85 >?8A0==>9 @50:F88, ?@8=O2 4;O ;8==>9 :8A;>BK CA;>2=CN D>@ ;8==0O :8A;>B0 B@5E>A=>2=0O).1) A?>;L7CO 40==K5 B01;8FK, @0AAG8B09B5 :>=F5=B@0F8N :064>3> :>=5=B0 A4>9 4> =0G0;0 @50:F88;2)  :0:>< ;L=>>B=>H5=88 4>;6=K 1KBL @5038@CNI85 :>=5=BK, GB>1K 2:CA =0?8B:0 1K; :8A;>20BKG54K @0AB2>@ AB0=>28BAO 3>@L:>20BKA:>2A:0O 3>@>4A:0O >;8;L=8:>2 ?> E89 MB0?2007-2008 CG51=K9 3>410 :;0AA1. 064>5 87 G5BK@5E 25I5AB2, B@8 87 :>B>@KE O2;ONBAO ?@>ABK<8 25I5AB205  >:A84>B>@>3> M;5A>1=> 2708459AB2>20BL A B@5AB0;L=K68B5 2>76=K5 D>@>B25BAB2CNI8E E840 3CB AB0BL AK@L5;CG5=8O B0:8E E8548=5=89 :0:: 0) MB0=, 1) C:ACA=0O :8A;>B0, 2) MB8;5= 8 ?>;8MB8;5=, 3) 28=8;E;>@84 8 ?>;828=8;E;>@84, 4)15=7>;. 0?8H8B5 C@02=5=8O @50:F89 ?>;CG5=8O MB8E A>548=5=89, 85@O65=88 :0@184 :0;LF8O, 2>4C 8 ;N1K5 4@C385 =5>@30=8G5A:85 25I5AB20.3. 7 :0:>3> 25I5AB20 2 @57C;LB0B5 ?>A;54>20B5;L=> ?@>B5:0NI8E @50:F89 >:8A;5=8O, >1<5=0 8 70<5I5=8O 6=> ?>;CG8BL, =5 8A?>;L7CO 4@C385 >@30=8G5A:85 25I5AB20, 3-=8B@>15=7>9=CN :8A;>BC? 0?8H8B5 C@02=5=8O @50:F89 8 C:068B5 CA;>28O 8E ?@>B5:0=8O.4. ;O >15AF25G820=8O >48=0:>2KE >1J52 1@>9 2>4K @02=>9 :>=F5=B@0F88 B@51CNBAO @07;8G=K5 :>;8G5AB20 42CE 87>2. @82548B5 ?@82, =0?8H8B5 C@02=5=8O A>>B25BAB2CNI8E @50:F89.5. 07>>1@07=K9 C3;52>4>@>4 >1J5< 10 <; A<5H0;8 A 70 @>40. >;CG5==CN A4>63;8. > >:>=G0=88 @50:F88 8 ?>A;5 :>=45=A0F88 ?0@>2 2>4K >1J52>9 AAB028; 65?CA:0=88 ?>;CG5==>9 307>2>9 A@ 384@>:A840 =0B@8O, 27OBK9 2 871KB:5, 5Q >1J5< C 45 <;. ?@545;8B5 ;5:C;O@=CN D>@4>@>40, AG8B0O, GB> >1J52 87@28OE.6. 8AL ..5=45;552C.8;>AB82K9 3>AC40@L! 07@5H8B5 <=5 ?@8 A5< ?5@540BL 0BB8A: A>>1I5=8O, 87 :>B>@>3> A;54C5B, GB> 9 >1=0@C65= =>2K9 M;53>  MB>B M;5;=O5B ?@>15; <564C AC@L9 8 28A< 2 0H59 70 ?@>=8:=>25==> ?>AB@>5==>9 ?5@8>48G5A:>9 A8AB5 MB>B M;52?0405B A 0H59 M:0AC@L9, => 2A5 C:07K205B =0 B>, GB> 745AL <K 8<55 A M:0& & .. . / =045NAL 2A:>@5 A>>1I8BL 0;55 ?>4@>1=> >1 MB>4=O O >3@0=8G820NAL ;8HL B5 C254> 25ALOB=>< B@8C 35=80;L=>3> 8AA;54>20=8O 8 A2845B5;LAB2CN 205 ?>GB5=85 8 3;C1>:>5 C2065=85. @540==K9 & & & & & & & & . $@0915@3, !0:A>=8O.26 D52@0;O 1886 3>40.B> =0?8A0; ?8AL ..5=45;552C?48= 87 =53>G8A;5==KE 2, :>B>@K9 >1@07C5B C?><O=CBK9 2 ?8AL<5 ..5=45;552C M;545@68B B0:65 A5@C 8 A5@51@>. 0AA>2K5 4>;8 A5@K 8 A5@51@0 2 AB02;ONB A>>B25BAB25==> 17,06% 8 76,50%. #AB0=>28B5 D>@<C;C  =0720=85. @82548B5 C@02=5=85 @50:F88 A?;02;5=8O 4>9 2 ?@8ACBAB288 :0;89=>9 A5;8B@K. 0: 6=> 2K45;8BL ?@>AB>5 25I5AB2>, > :>B>@>< H;0 @5GL 2 ?8AL;CG5==>3> A?;020? 45 >=> 8A?>;L7C5BAO?0:85 ACI5AB2CNB 4K >G8AB:8 40==>3> ?@>AB>3> 25I5AB20? LXIV >A:>2A:0O 3>@>4A:0O >;8;L=8:>2 ?> E89 MB0?2007-2008 CG51=K9 3>411 :;0AA1. 0?8H8B5 C@02=5=8O @50:F89, ?>72>;ONI8E >ACI5AB28BL A;54CNI85 ?@52@0I5=8O (?5@5E>4 ?> AB@5;:5 65B 1KBL >ACI5AB2;5= =5 2 >4=C AB048N), C:068B5 CA;>28O @50;870F88 ?@>F5AA>2: C4H6 ! C3H6O2 ! C5H10O2 ! C3H8O ! & ! 87>?@>?8;>2K9 A?8@B.2. 0?8H8B5 C@02=5=8O E8548=5=8O 2 MB>9 F5?8 A, B, C, D, E 8 F, A>45@60I85 0;N4@>1=> >?8H8B5 CA;>28O ?@>2545=8O ?>A;54=59 AB0488 MB>9 F5?>G:8. 3. 0?8H8B5 AB@C:BC@=K5 D>@76=KE 87>2, 8<5NI8E ;5:C;O@=CN D>@>B25BAB2CNI8< :;0AA0@30=8G5A:8E A>548=5=89.4. =8;8= 65B 1KBL ?@8=F8?80;L=> ?>;CG5= 87 15=7>;0 2 425 AB0488. ?@545;8BL, A:>;L:> 3@0<2 0=8;8=0 6=> ?>;CG8BL 87 117 3 15=7>;0, 5A;8 2KE>4 F5;52>3> 25I5AB20 A>AB02;O5B 2 ?5@2>9 AB0488 75%, 0 2> 2B>@>9  80%. 0:8A>10<8 65B 1KBL @50;87>20=0 2B>@0O AB048O A8=B570? @82548B5 =5>1E>482>9 A45@68BAO 1J5;O 2 AAB02;O5B 40,0%, 20O 4>;O  48,5%), >:A84 07>B0 (II) (>1J5;O 2 AAB02;O5B 20,0%) 8 =5:89 B@5B89 :>=5=B.1. #AB0=>28B5 B@5B89 :>=5=B 307>2>9 AB=>ABL AB>@K5 3CB ?@>B5:0BL ?@8 =03@520=88 C:070==>9 307>2>9 A >4=>;CG5=8O :>=5=B>2 A2 =5 4>;6=> 1KBL :8A;>B 8 ?@>ABKE 25I5AB2).6. !:>;L:> 3@0<2 <548 6=> @0AB2>@8BL 2 200 3 @0AB2>@0 A5@=>9 :8A;>BK, 2 :>B>@> 0B>2 :8A;>@>40 2 1,25 @070 1>;LH5 G8A;0 0B>2 2>4>@>40. !G8B0BL, GB> ?@>F5AA @0AB2>@5=8O ?8AK205BAO >4=8< C@02=5=85< 8 ?@5:@0I05BAO ?@8 A=865=88 2>9 4>;8 A5@=>9 :8A;>BK 2 @0AB2>@5 4> 52,0 %.7. !C<=>2 2 ;5:C;0E A;>6=KE 25I5AB2 , , ! >48=0:>2 8 @025=  16,0"10-19    L P z |    * . 026Dtv|ƻ|qqffhsh~CJaJhshsCJaJjhqUmHnHujhGv\hqCJUaJhsh2CJaJhsh U>*CJaJhsh UCJaJhsh`)CJaJhf^h U5hh`)5CJaJh`5CJaJhQhGw5CJaJhQhGw5CJaJmH sH &>gkdJ$$IflF<H( t6    44 laytQAkd$$IflH( * t644 laytQ$d$Ifa$gdQl    z_$ & Fd$If^`a$gd UUkd\$$Ifl0H(- t644 la $$Ifa$gdGv\$ & F$If^`a$gd5d $da$gd Un$d$Ifa$gd$ & Fhhd$If^ha$gd'DBkd$$Ifl," t644 laP8@| :gkd$$IflF<H( t6    44 laytQ$d$Ifa$gdQl Akd$$IflH( * t644 laytQ !!d""##4&((0+z/|0~0&55599 $$Ifa$gd'`gd'$a$gd' $`a$gd$a$gd$a$gdWgd`gd $da$gdr !!!!b"d"f"""""""##### #"#$$((((@)B)++++++$,&,t/x/~00000323ٺwh'h`CJH*aJh'CJaJh'h`CJaJh&CJaJhsCJaJhCJaJhh`5CJaJhWCJaJjdhWUjH hWUVhWjhWUh`h`5CJaJh`CJaJh`h`CJaJ.23436383:34444444455556B677: :.:0:2:4:J:L:$;&;<<<>??@@"@@@AAhhiA5CJaJhiA5CJaJhj5CJaJmH sH hQhiA5CJaJhQhiA5CJaJmH sH h&hiACJaJh'h`CJH*aJh'CJaJh'h`5CJaJh'h`CJH*aJh`h`CJaJ19::::":2:J:^:hkd'$$Ifl4F!$J    t0c    4 la $$Ifa$gd'^:`:j:r:z:::NE9999 $$Ifa$gd' $Ifgd`kdH($$Ifl4rR!$J  t0c4 la:::::::OF:::: $$Ifa$gd' $Ifgd`kd)$$IflrR!$J  t0c4 la:::::::OF:::: $$Ifa$gd' $Ifgd`kd)$$IflrR!$J  t0c4 la::;;;;";OF:::: $$Ifa$gd' $Ifgd`kd*$$IflrR!$J  t0c4 la";$;&;OCC22hh^h`gd' $`a$gd'kdr+$$IflrR!$J  t0c4 la>?@@@@@@@Akd9,$$IflH( * t644 laytQ$d$Ifa$gdQl gd`hh^h`gd'@@AACCEEGG>I@Ixph$a$gdij$a$gd$a$gd`$a$gd4F4gd4F4 $da$gdiAgkd,$$IflFgkd;-$$IflF;5:C;0 (307)  G5BK@QE0B>3> 25I5AB20  @0AB2>@8;8 11,2 ; (=>@28O) 25I5AB20  8 10 3 25I5AB20 !. 0AAG8B09B5 2CN 4>;N @0AB2>@Q==>3> 25I5AB20 2 ?>;CG5==>@5. 8. @8 2708459AB288 0,150 ;L =58725AB=>3> A>548=5=8O A 871KB:>AL 3,36; (=.C.) 3070. #AB0=>28BL AB@C:BC@=CN D>@548=5=8O, 5A;8 8725AB=>, GB> ?@8 2708459AB288 7,44 3 MB>3> A>548=5=8O A M:28;O@=K;8G5AB2>@>2>4>@>40 >1@07C5BAO 9,663 >@30=8G5A:>3> A>548=5=8O, ;5:C;0 :>B>@>3> A>45@68B >48= 0B>@>40 8 >48= 0B>@0. LXIV >A:>2A:0O 3>@>4A:0O >;8;L=8:>2 ?> E89 MB0?2007-2008 CG51=K9 3>4B25BK 8 @5H5=8O8 :;0AA1.2Al +O3 = Al2O34Al + 3C = Al4C33C + 2O3 = 3CO2C+2H2 = CH43H2 + 2O3 = 3H2O2. @81>@ =5>1E>48 4>?>;=8BL B5@A>10  ?5@53>=:0 01>@0B>@=>5 >1>@C4>20=85: HB0B82 A :>;LF>9, A?8@B>2:0, :>=8G5A:0O :>;10-?@85;10 N@F0, ?@O9 E>;>48;L=8:, 0;;>=6.3. 7@K2 F8AB5@=K 2K720= ?@>87>H54H59 2 =59 @50:F859 @07;>65=8O ?5@>:A840 2>4>@>40:2H2O2 = 2H2O +O2n(H2O2) = m(H2O2):M(H2O2) n(H2O2) =1000000 3 : 34 3/;L = 29412 ;Ln(H2O) = n(H2O2) = 29412 ;L n(O2) = n (H2O2)= 14706 ;L!CI5AB25==K9 2@54 ?@8@>45 =5 =0=5AQ=, B0: :0: 2>40 8 :8A;>@>4, >1@07CNI85AO ?@8 27@K25, CG0AB2CNB 2 5AB5AB25==>2>@>B5 25I5AB2 2 ?@8@>45. 4=0:> ?@8 @07;>65=88 ?5@5:8A8, 2K45;ONI89AO :8A;>@>4 C18205B 385, 2 B>;57=K5 >@30=87<K.4. Pb3C2H2O8 = 3PbO + 2CO2 + H2O 6PbO + 2 = 2Pb3O4n(PbO) : n(PbO2) = 2:1 8;8 2PbO PbO25. 0AAB@81@075F MB8;<5@:0?B0=0 9 100 3. B0:>1@07F5 m(C) = 38,7 3, m(H) = 9,6 3, m(S) = 51,7 3 n (!) = 38,73:12 3/;L=3,2 ;L n() = 9,63:1 3/;L=9,6 ;L n(S) = 51,73:32 3/;L=1,6 ;L n(!): n():n(S)= 3,2 : 9,6 : 1,6 = 2:6:1 !26S6. >;CG5=85 07>B0. 0 =53>@NGCN :@KH:C ?>AD>@ 8 ?>465GL. @KH:C A 3>@OI8AD>@>25@E=>ABL 2>4K 2 9 10=:>9. >@5=85 ?@5:@0B8BAO, :>340 25AL :8A;>@>4 ?>4 10=:>9 1C45B 87@0AE>4>20=.  10=:5 >AB0=5BAO ?>GB8 G8ABK9 07>B. 0AGQB G8A;0 ;5:C; 07>B0.  0.5 ;8B@>2>9 10=:5 87=0G0;L=> =0E>48;AO 2>74CE, >1JQ;O 07>B0 2 :>B>@>< 78%. V(N2) = 0,78 0,5 ; = 0,39 ;. n(N2) = 0,39; : 22,4 ;/;L = 0,0174 ;L N (N2) = 0,0174;L6,02 1023 1/;L = 1,048 10229 :;0AA1. %;>@, 2 ?5@52>45 A 3@5G5A:>3> A;>20 E;>@>A, >7=0G05B 65;B>-75;5=K9.>4 ?>;CG8; A2>5 =0720=85 ?> F25BC ?0@0.  ?5@52>45 A 3@5G5A:>3> 8>45A >7=0G05B D8>;5B>2K9.!5@0  ?@>872>4=>5 >B 4@52=58=489A:>3> A;>20 A8@0 - A25B;>-65;BK9 F25B. >489  =0720=85 ?@>87>H;> >B 3@5G5A:>3> A;>20 @>4>=  @>70, ?> @>7>2>548=5=89 @>48O.@8489  >B 3@5G5A:>3> A;>20 8@8A  @04C30, 87-70 @07=>>1@078O >:@0A>: A>;59 8@848O.%@>B 3@5G5A:>3> A;>20 E@>:@0A:0, F25B."0;;89  >B 3@5G5A:>3> A;>20 B0;;>A, >7=0G0NI59 ;>40O 75;5=0O 25B:0.  A?5:B@5 87;CG5=8O B0;;8O 8-75;5=0O ;8=8O. C18489  ;0B8=A:>5 A;>2> @C184CA >7=0G05B B5-:@0A=K9  425 B5-:@0A=K5 ;8=88 2 A?5:B@5.&5789  >B ;0B8=A:>3> F578C<  C 4@52=8E @87=0G0;> 3>;C1>9 F25B =515A=>3> A2>40.  A?5:B@5 87;CG5=8O A>;59 F578O >1=0@C65=K 425 3>;C1K5 ;8=88.=489  ?>;CG8; A2>5 =0720=85 ?> F25BC A8=59 ;8=88 2 A?5:B@5 87;CG5=8O. =483>  A8=89.2.3Fe + 2O2 = Fe3O4Fe3O4 + 8HCl = FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2OFeCl2+ 2NaOH = Fe(OH)2 ! + 2NaClFeCl3 + 3NaOH = Fe(OH)3 ! + 3NaCl2Fe(OH)3+ Fe(OH)2 ! Fe3O4 + 4H2O (t, 8=5@B=0O 0BAD5@0)5I5AB20:  - Fe3O4 ;  8 ! - FeCl2 8;8 FeCl3; D 8  - Fe(OH)2 8;8 Fe(OH)3;3.Na2SO4 "xH2O + BaCI2 = 2NaCI + BaSO4! + xH2O(BaSO4) = (Na2SO4 "xH2O) = 0,01 ;L(Na2SO4 "xH2O) = 3,22/0,01 = 322 3/;L(Na2SO4 ) = 142 3/;L 07=>ABL ;O@=KE AB02;O5B 322-142 = 180% = 1803 / 183/;L =10 ;L$>@<C;0 <8@018;8B0 Na2SO4 "10H2O@85<;54>41>@0 >?@545;O5< <5B0;;. 1 3 548=O5B 0,785 3 :8A;>@>40.A;8 4=>20;5=B=K9, B> ;O@=0O <0AA0 <5B0;;0 @02=0 10,191 3/;L;A;8  (5) = 20,382 3/;L;A;8  (5) = 30,573 3/;L;A;8  (5) = 40,764 3/;L;A;8  (5) = 50,955 3/;L;7 2A5E 20@80=B>2 ?>4E>48B ;8HL >48= 20@80=B  MB> 20=0489.@85<;56=> 27OBL >1@07>20=85 :@8AB0;;>384@0B>2 AC;LD0B0 =0B@8O, 0F5B0B0 =0B@8O.@028;L=KB25BK, 2 :>B>@KE ?@82545=K C@02=5=8O @50:F89, ?@>B5:0NI8E ?@8 :>9 B5<?5@0BC@5 8 0BAD5@=>< 402;5=88, =0?@840) = 2,5/(2,5+7,5+10+250)E100%=0,93% (A>40) =2,5/(2,5+7,5+10+200)E100%=1,14% (:8A;>B0)=7,5/270E100%=2,78% (:8A;>B0)= 7,5/220E100%=3,41% (A0E0@)=10/270E100%=3,70% (A0E0@)=10/220E100%=4,55%2) A;8 27OBL AB5E8>5 A>>B=>H5=85 :8A;>BK 8 A>4K, B> ?>A;5 >:>=G0=8O @50:F88 2 @0AB2>@5 1C4CB =0E>48BLAO B>;L:> A>;L ;8==>9 :8A;>BK 8 A0E0@, ?>MB>BK 4>;6=> 1KBL =53> 1>;LH5 (=5 3:1, 3:2 8 B.?.)3) A;8 A>4K 27OBL 871KB>:, B> :8A;>B0 ?@>@5038@C5B 2AO, 8 2:CA 1C45B >?@545;OBL @0AB2>@ A>4K.10 :;0AA1. 5I5AB20 ?@>ABK5: Al  0;N4, O2  :8A;>@>4, >:A84  FeO  >:A84 65;570(II) EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0 ! + 2 = !2 EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0 >76=K 4@C385 20@80=BK >B25B0.2.  >A=>25 ?@>872>4AB20 F5;>3> @O40 E8548=5=89 ;568B @50:F8O ?>;CG5=8O 0F5B8;5=0 87 :0@1840 :0;LF8O 8 2>4K:!0!2 + 22 = !0()2 + !22!AE>4O 87 0F5B8;5=0, 6=> ?>;CG8BL 2A5 C:070==K5 2 7040=88 A>548=5=8O:) EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0 ) EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0 ) EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0 ) EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0 ) EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0 3. EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0 4. @8<5@ 1 EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  @876=K 4@C385 20@80=BK >B25B05. @8 ?>;=>@0=88 C3;52>4>@>40 !Ey >1@07C5BAO >:A84 C3;5@>40 (IV) 8 2>4010 25 20!Ey + (E + 0,25C)2 ! E!2 + 0,5C2>40 ?> CA;>28N 7040G8 :>=45=A8@C5BAO, 8 2 307>>1@07=>AB>O=88 >AB0NBAO >:A84 C3;5@>40(IV) 8 871KB>G=K9 :8A;>@>4. @8 ?@>?CA:0=88 MB>9 307>2>9 A@ I5;>G8, 27OB>9 2 871KB:5, C3;5:8A;K9 307 ?>;=>ABLN ?>3;>I05BAO:!2 + 2NaOH = Na2CO3 + 2 307>>1@07=>AB>O=88 >AB05BAO B>;L:> 871KB>G=K9 :8A;>@>4, >1J5B>@>3> @025= 4520B5;L=>, =0 A6830=85 10 4>@>40 @0AE>4C5BAO 70  45 = 25 @>40, 0 C3;5:8A;>3> 3070 >1@07>20;>AL 65  45 = 20 @>H> 8725AB=>, GB> >1J5>B=>H5=8O <564C @5038@CNI8<8 3070?>@F8>=0;L=K 8E ;O@=K>B=>H5=8O4820B5;L=>, D>@3> C3;52>4>@>40 !22.6. 7 CA;>28O M;5:B@>=59B@0;L=>AB81"76,50/107,87 + n"6,44/ n(-) - 2"17,6/32,07 = 01227,16"(-) = 22278,48"nA;54C5B, GB> (-) = 18,15 " n@8 n = 4 (-) = 72,6 => GeAgxGeySz x:y:z=(76,50/107,87):(6,44/72,6):(17,06/32,07) = 0,7091:0,0887:0,5320 = 8:1:6Ag8GeS6 8;8 GeS2"4Ag2S  35@<0=8B8AL =0?8A0=> ;51@01>B:5 ?;020 @07102;5==>9 A5@=>9 :8A;>B>9 >1@07C5BAO GeO2"xH2O0;55 GeO2"xH2O ?>425@30NB B5@9 >1@01>B:5, ?>;CG0NB GeO20B5AAB0=02;820NB GeO2 EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0 G8AB:0 ?@>872>48BAO 40==>9 ?;02:8, 2K@0I820=85< =>:@8AB0;;>2 87 @0A?;020.11 :;0AA1. 5!3!2!a"! + 8n4 +122S4 = 5!3!2! + 5!2 + 8nS4 + 42S4 + 122 EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0 2. 21 + 3!l2 = 2l!l3l!l3 + 3N3 + 32 = 1()3! + 3N4!11()3 + 3N0 (871.) = N03[1()6] 8;8 N0[1()4]N03[l()6] + 3!2 = l)3! + 3N0!32l()3 = l23 + 22l23 = 4l + 32#A;>28O: 900>!, M;5:B@>;87 @0A?;020 90 <0A.% N03[lF6] + 10 2K5 M;5:B@>4K.3. @>?8>=>20O :8A;>B0, 2K9 MD8@ C:ACA=>9 :8A;>BK, MB8;>2K9 MD8@ 9 :8A;>BK, 420 0;L45384>A?8@B0, :5B>A?8@B, F8:;>?@>?0=48>;, 0;L45384>?@>AB>9 MD8@, 42>9=>9 F8:;8G5A:89 ?@>AB>9 MD8@.4. EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0 n(!66) = 117/78 = 1,50 ;L,n(!65N2) = 1,50 "0,75 = 1,125 ;L,!65N2 + 3Zn +6 = !65N2 + 32Zn2 + 22n(!65N2) = 1,125 "0,800 = 0,900 ;Lm(!65N2) = 0,900 "93 = 83,7 30@80=BK 2B>@>3> ?@>F5AA0:C65N2 + 32  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  !65N2 + 22!65N2 + 3Zn + 7!l = !65N3!l + 3Zn!l2 + 22!65N3!l +  = !l + !65N2 + 25. !4 + N + % 40, 0 >1.% 20,0 >1.% 40,0 >1.% 48,5 <0A.%1,00 ;L 307>2>9 A45@68B 0,400 ;L !4, 0,200 ;L N 8 0,400 ;L %.m(!4) = 0,400 "16 = 6,40 3,M(A<5A8) = 6,40/0,485 =13,2 3/;L,m(%) = 13,2  6,40  0,200 "30 = 0,80 3,M(%) = 0,80/0,400 = 2,0 3, MB> 2>4>@>4!;>B=>ABL A76=> 2>AAB0=>2;5=85 N 4> N2 4>@>4>;87 1@07>20=854>@>40.6. !>AB02 @0AB2>@0: % ;L 2 8 # ;L 2S4. > CA;>28N: (% + 4#)/ (2% + 2#) = 1,25; % + 4# = 2,5% + 2,5#; 1,5% = 1,5#; % =#; M:28;L=K9 A>AB02.0A. 4>;O 2S4 = 98/(98 + 18) =0,845 8;8 84,5%.CABL ?@>@5038@>20;> Z ;L 3;0A=> C@02=5=8N: 22S4 + !u = !uS4 + S2 + 22 2Z ;L Z ;L Z ;L >;. 2-20 2S4 2 >:>=G. @-@5 = 200"0,845/98  2Z = 1,72  2Z. 0AA0 >:>=G. @-@0 = 200 + mCu  mS2 = 200 + 64Z  64Z = 200 3. > CA;>28N: (1,72 -2Z)"98/200 = 0,520; 168,6  196Z = 104; Z = 0,330 ;L, <0AA0  M;5:B@>=>2 2 ;5:C;0E =  16,0"10-19/ 1,6"10-19 = 10.  = N3,  = 2, ! = F. >;. 2-20 N3 = 11,2/22,4 = 0,500 ;L, :>;. 2-20 F = 10:20 = = 0,50 ;L. N3 + F = N4F 0,50 ;L 0,50 ;L 0,50 ;L 0AA0 N4F = 0,50"37 = 18,5 3. 0A. 4>;O N4F 2 @-@5 = 18,5/(18,5 + 100) = 0,156 8;8 15,6 %.8. 1 ;L A>548=5=8O ?@8 2708459AB288 A 871KB:>< =0B@8O 2K45;O5B 1 ;L 2>4>@>40  MB> 2>76=> 2 A;CG05 48:0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B, 48>;>2, 4838@>:A815=7>;>2. 708459AB285 ?5@2KE 8 B@5BL8E 25I5AB2 A !l ?@0:B8G5A:8 8A:;NG5=> (:8A;K9 A :8A;KAB05BAO 38?>B570, GB> >1AC64055 25I5AB2>  48>; 8 C@02=5=85 @50:F88 A;54CNI55: R()2(01A.) + !l(3) = R()!l + 2 >;. <0AA0 R()2 = 34 + %, ;.  CA;>28N: (% +52,5)/(% +34) = 9,66/7,44; % +52,5 = 1,30% + 44,2; % ~ 28.-B8;5=3;8:>;L  EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0  УAkd;$$IflH( * t644 layt@9l $$Ifa$gd@9l $da$gd ң  $,.02NPRTdhrt~XZަ÷è~~~~~~~~~~~~÷vh@9lCJaJh@9lh@9lCJH*aJmH sH h@9lh@9lCJaJmH sH h@9lh@9lCJaJjM<h@9lh@9lCJUaJheSh@9l5CJaJheSh@9lCJaJhh@9l5CJaJh@9l5CJaJh@9lh@9l5CJaJh@9lh@9l5CJaJmH sH (Уңԣ 4Vtg^ $IfgdQC$Ifgd@9l$$@&Ifa$gd@9l $@&a$gd@9lgd@9l$a$gd@9lgkd;$$Ifl contiwinterviking - intex 2112 intex ielts 2114 outlook - nokia 6021 dimplex model silver (sp4) - . snr roulements thuraya sg 2520